Journal articles: 'Mental deficients – dentistry' – Grafiati (2024)

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Introduction: Anemias correspond to hematological disorders that can present in the oral cavity and face. Objective: To review the literature on the main types of anemic disorders and their orofacial manifestations, considering the aspects of interest to dentists. Methodology: This is a literature review, in which articles were selected in Portuguese and English, indexed in the Scielo, Medline/Pubmed and Lilacs databases with the descriptors: Anemia, Oral Manifestations, Jaw Abnormalities and their correspondents in Portuguese language. Literature review: Anemic disorders associated with orofacial signs and symptoms include mainly Iron-Deficiency, Megaloblastic, Fanconis, Sickle Cell, Thalassemia and Aplastic Anemia. The manifestations vary from burning and painful symptoms in the tongue, pallor of lips and mucosa, stomatitis, atrophic glossitis, angular cheilitis, susceptibility to candidiasis and peri-odontal disease. Also, dental changes, hyposalivation, malocclusion, osteomyelitis of the jaw, paraesthesia of the mental nerve and orofacial pain are included. Conclusion: These manifestations can be the first signs of the presence of anemia, which gives the dentist an important role in early diagnosis and proper management of dental treatment.

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Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome or Broad Thumb-Hallux syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by facial dysmorphism, growth retardation, and mental deficiency. A seven-year-old girl had come to the Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Dentistry, Turkey, with a complaint of caries and bleeding of gingivae. The patient was mentally retarded. Extraoral features revealed distinctive facial appearance with a broad fore head, hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, and beaked nose. Intraoral features observed were talons cusps in the upper lateral incisors, carious teeth, and plaque accumulation. Since the patient was mentally retarded, the dental treatment was done under GA. The treatment plan and dental management of this patient are discussed in this case report.

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Since the announcement of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic, several studies reported increased psychological distress among healthcare workers. In this investigation, we examined the association between psychological outcomes and various factors among German dentists. Dentists from all German federal states were invited to participate in this study through a self-administered online questionnaire between July and November 2020. This questionnaire collected information on demographics, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) instrument. The associations displayed between demographic and psychological outcomes of depression, anxiety, stress, intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal were evaluated. Seven-hundred-and-thirty-two dentists participated in the survey and reported overall scores of (4.88 ± 4.85), (2.88 ± 3.57), (7.08 ± 5.04), (9.12 ± 8.44), (10.68 ± 8.88) and (10.35 ± 8.68) for depression, anxiety, stress, intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal, respectively. For females, being between 50–59 years of age, being immune deficient or chronically ill, working at a dental practice, and considering the COVID-19 pandemic a financial hazard were reported as significant associated factors (p < 0.05) with higher DASS-21 and IES-R scores. These findings underline the aspects which need to be taken into attention to protect the mental wellbeing of dentists in Germany during the crisis.

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Objetivo: Analisar a percepção sobre a saúde bucal de idosos durante o período de internamento hospitalar na perspectiva de usuários, acompanhantes hospitalares e técnicos de enfermagem. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado no Hospital Universitário Regional dos Campos Gerais, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil, entre os anos de 2018 e 2019. A seleção dos participantes foi realizada por meio de análise da Escala de Coma de Glasgow, com o auxílio do prontuário eletrônico do paciente, e da aplicação do Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) em pacientes e acompanhantes. Indivíduos considerados aptos e que concordaram com a pesquisa foram entrevistados individualmente por dois pesquisadores apoiados por roteiro-guia. As entrevistas foram gravadas e o método de saturação utilizado para o encerramento da coleta de dados. A equipe técnica de enfermagem foi considerada em sua totalidade. Resultados: Foram entrevistados sete pacientes, cinco acompanhantes e quatorze técnicos de enfermagem. Emergiram da análise três categorias: valor atribuído à higiene bucal durante a internação; relação entre higiene bucal deficiente e saúde geral e sugestão de melhoria em saúde bucal durante a internação. Destas categorias, oito subcategorias também foram observadas. Os resultados apontaram percepções comuns e isoladas dos entrevistados, sendo a importância da manutenção de hábitos de higiene bucal durante o período de internação e a existência de desdobramentos negativos da higiene bucal deficiente sobre o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida do paciente, percepções apontadas por todas as categorias. Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou a necessidade de ampliação das ações do cirurgião-dentista nos espaços hospitalares.

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Relevance. One of the paramount directions of preventive dentistry is the development of the author's methods of organization and implementation of dental diseases prevention programs in children with cognitive developmental disabilities, allowing for prevention customization, taking into account the features of child development with disabilities, as well as the combination of many objective factors. The study aimed to increase the efficiency of mentally-retarded children's rehabilitation by improving the dental disease prevention program.Materials and methods. The study involved 140 children diagnosed with moderate mental retardation and comparatively analyzed two methods over three years. Group 1 included 71 subjects aged 8-11 years trained according to "Dental Health", the author's dental and hygiene education program, developed and adjusted to the psychophysical needs of the child development. Group 2 consisted of 69 subjects, trained according to the dental and hygiene education program provided only by the teachers during classes on household chores. We evaluated the effectiveness of the "Dental Health" prevention program introduced into the specialized educational process by the following indices DMFT, simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S); PMA index modified by Parma assessed the condition of the gums. Statistical data were processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 18.0 application sof tware package.Results. The effectiveness analysis of the author's program for children with moderate mental retardation revealed that the level of oral hygiene in the children increased from "poor" to "good" (2.1 ± 0.3 points to good 0.2 ± 0.1 points); gingival inflammation decreased from 24.6 ± 0.5% to 14.4 ± 0.2%. Classes on dental education and hygiene training helped children with cognitive developmental disabilities to orient better in self, time and place; helped to improve memory, increase vocabulary, form new knowledge and skills, and gradually form effective communication based on the child's intellectual deficiency severity.Conclusions. The developed educational program "Dental Health" for dental diseases primary prevention in children with cognitive developmental disabilities allowed the formation of stable oral care skills, proved by a good score of oral hygiene indices.

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Objectives: Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) provide a long-lasting anti-acidic effect by inhibiting the proton pump, and they are one of the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide. PPIs adversely affect the bone structure via deficiency of vitamins and minerals. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible PPI-induced bone changes in the mandible on panoramic radiographs with the methods of fractal analysis and panoramic morphometric indices. Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 402 patients were used (201 PPI users, 201 control group). Fractal analysis was performed on 4 regions of interests (ROI): 1- upper part of the ramus, 2- angulus, 3- anterior of the mental foramen, 4- distal of the middle ramus. Also, the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical width (MCW), and Klemetti index (KI) were performed on radiographs. Results: There were significant differences in terms of ROI3, MCW, and KI between the control and study groups (p < 0.05) while there was no significant difference for ROI1, ROI2, ROI4, and PMI (p > 0.05). Males were severely affected than females. Conclusions: Osteoporotic changes were detected in the trabecular and cortical bone in the mental foramen region in PPI users with fractal analysis and morphometric indices, while there were no differences for mandibular ramus and angulus regions according to fractal analysis.

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Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a significant health problem that is seen in about 40% of children worldwide. It affects a child’s physical and mental development, performance of work and maintenance of their health. Anemia increases the risk of lower respiratory tract infection in children, yet there is not enough evidence that shows the effect of iron deficiency anemia on acute bronchiolitis. Aim: To evaluate the effect of anemia on the severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants. Methodology: A total of 160 infants were included in the study, 100 of whom were having acute bronchiolitis while 60 of them were included as a control group. This contrast analysis was conducted on 3 groups of patients having mild, moderate and severe bronchiolitis. A low haemoglobin level (HB) was below 12 grams/dL. This is considered to be an SD of <2. They ranged from 1 month to 2 years of age. Results: Children having acute bronchiolitis had comparatively lower haemoglobin level and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) than in those who were healthy controls. Whereas, the median red cell distribution was higher in patients with acute bronchiolitis. If patients had a haemoglobin level lower than or equal to 10 grams/dL, it is more likely that the bronchiolitis getting worse, that is increasing ten times in patients with acute bronchiolitis. A negative correlation was seen between the severity of bronchiolitis and haemoglobin level. Conclusion: Infants suffering from anemia are more likely to have acute bronchiolitis and the intensity of anemia increases the severity of bronchiolitis. In infants, early identification and treatment of iron deficiency anemia may reduce the incidence and severity of acute bronchiolitis.

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BackgroundThere is a well-established link between oral pathology and eating disorders in the presence of self-induced vomiting. There is less information concerning this relationship in the absence of self-induced vomiting, in spite of risk factors such as psychotropic-induced dry mouth, nutritional deficiency or acidic diet.AimsTo determine the association between eating disorder and poor oral health, including any difference between patients with and without self-induced vomiting.MethodA systematic search was made of Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE and article bibliographies. Outcomes were dental erosion, salivary gland function and the mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth or surfaces (DMFT/S).ResultsTen studies had sufficient data for a random effects meta-analysis (psychiatric patients n = 556, controls n = 556). Patients with an eating disorder had five times the odds of dental erosion compared with controls (95% CI 3.31–7.58); odds were highest in those with self-induced vomiting (odds ratio (OR) = 7.32). Patients also had significantly higher DMFS scores (mean difference 3.07, 95% CI 0.66–5.48) and reduced salivary flow (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.44–3.51).ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of collaboration between dental and medical practitioners. Dentists may be the first clinicians to suspect an eating disorder given patients' reluctance to present for psychiatric treatment, whereas mental health clinicians should be aware of the oral consequences of inappropriate diet, psychotropic medication and self-induced vomiting.

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<p><strong>Background:</strong> the Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CDLs) is a rare and complex syndrome characterized, basically, by psychom*otor retardation associated with a number of congenital malformations. <strong>Aims:</strong> this paper reports the case of an 11-year-old female child diagnosed with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) and her successful dental management. <strong>Case report:</strong> the patient had severe mental retardation, definite negative behavior and the clinical findings included oral and physical changes. The patient's oral hygiene was deficient with the presence of calculus and gingivitis, besides several active caries lesions in permanent and deciduous dental elements. The treatment consisted in guidance for caregivers about oral hygiene and diet, and the dental procedures were performed under general anesthesia. Currently, the patient is accompanied by monthly follow-ups. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> the lack of knowledge about oral hygiene and cariogenic diets was identified as a one of the reasons for the oral diseases present. Due to the need to care for the other more serious and complex health problems, the oral diseases had evolved faster than usual and thus were difficult to treat and maintain thereafter. Under such conditions, the dentist plays a key role within a multidisciplinary team. From the guidance and knowledge provided in the dental clinic, there was a significant improvement in the life quality of the child and her family.</p>

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Introduction: After menopause women experience vagin*l atrophy related to hormonal changes and estrogen deficiency. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effect of the fractional CO2 laser on the quality of life, vagin*l atrophy symptoms, and urine incontinency in menopause women. Methods: This prospective study was conducted among 140 women from 2017 to 2018 in Yas hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. They encountered the fractional microablative CO2 laser system three times at four-week intervals. The short form of the Health Questionnaire (SF-12) and the Female Sexual Functional Index (FSFI) questionnaire were utilized to assess the participants’ quality of life. Also, the standard measuring tools including the vagin*l health index (VHI) and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) Form were used to evaluate the vagin*l atrophy symptoms. Results: The quality of life improved significantly in somatic, social function, and mental health. In the sexual context, arousal and satisfaction status improved significantly. Also, the frequency of urinary incontinence, enuresis, urgency, and the leak improved significantly (P<0.05). Among the scale variables for urinary function, it was seen that the urgency impact had no improvement. All vagin*l indices improved (P<0.05). Conclusion: The fractional CO2 laser can be effective in treating vagin*l atrophy and urinary symptoms. Besides, it improved the quality of life and the sexual function of post-menopausal women.

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duch*ene muscular dystrophy is inherited X-linked recessive disorder. Females will typically be carriers for the disease while males will be affected. Dystrophin is essential for cell membrane stability. Deficiency leads to reduction in three glycol proteins in the dystrophin associated protein complex that link dystrophin to laminin with cell membranes. This occurs in people without a known family history of the condition. Because of the way the disease is inherited, males are more likely to develop symptoms than are women. In this Clinical study enlightening about 2 cases of duch*ene muscular dystrophy, the concept in Ayurveda the entities like Astimajjagatavata and Pakkharoga, and the treatment carried out in this disease are Sarvanga Abhyanga (whole body massage) Musthadiyapanabasti followed by Shamanayogas(palliative medicines) like Ajamamsa Rasayana, Balarishta and cap Bontone followed by Physiotherapy.

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AbstractCoffin–Lowry–Syndrome (CLS) is a X-linked mental retardation characterized by skeletal dysplasia and premature tooth loss. We and others have previously demonstrated that the ribosomal S6 kinase RSK2, mutated in CLS, is essential for bone and cementum formation; however, it remains to be established whether RSK2 plays also a role in mechanically induced bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). We, therefore, performed OTM in wild-type (WT) mice and Rsk2-deficient mice using Nitinol tension springs that were fixed between the upper left molars and the incisors. The untreated contralateral molars served as internal controls. After 12 days of OTM, the jaws were removed and examined by micro-computed tomography (µCT), decalcified histology, and immunohistochemistry. Our analysis of the untreated teeth confirmed that the periodontal phenotype of Rsk2-deficient mice is characterized by alveolar bone loss and hypoplasia of root cementum. Quantification of OTM using µCT revealed that OTM was more than two-fold faster in Rsk2-deficient mice as compared to WT. We also observed that OTM caused alveolar bone loss and root resorptions in WT and Rsk2-deficient mice. However, quantification of these orthodontic side effects revealed no differences between WT and Rsk2-deficient mice. Taken together, Rsk2 loss-of-function accelerates OTM in mice without causing more side effects.

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A Doença de Gaucher (DG) é uma doença de depósito lisossômico com origem genética de herança autossômica recessiva. São descritos três principais tipos de DG: Tipo I ou não neuropática, Tipo II ou neuropática aguda e Tipo III ou neuropática subaguda ou forma juvenil neuropática. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever as características clínicas da DG e a realização do tratamento odontológico em um paciente hospitalizado com esta patologia. Paciente LFS, de 3 anos, gênero masculino internado no Pronto Socorro da Criança (PSC) Zona Sul, com diagnóstico de DG Tipo II. No exame físico foi observado hepatoesplenomegalia, traqueostomia, retardo no crescimento e atraso mental. No exame intraoral verificou-se higiene bucal deficiente com cáries nos elementos 51, 52, 61, 62, 74, 75, 84 e 85. Como o paciente encontrava-se internado e os focos infecciosos odontológicos poderiam estar influenciando na saúde geral do paciente os procedimentos foram realizados sob anestesia geral no centro cirúrgico. Os elementos 52, 51, 61, 62 e 84 foram extraídos e os outros elementos foram restaurados pela técnica do ART. Cabe ao cirurgião-dentista integrar-se a equipe multidisciplinar hospitalar envolvida no tratamento destes, conhecer a patologia e proporcionar além de saúde bucal a melhoria da saúde geral do paciente hospitalizado com DG.Descritores: Doença de Gaucher; Pessoas com Deficiência; Unidade Hospitalar de Odontologia.

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A smile is one of the most critical components of aesthetic rehabilitation.Various anterior rehabilitation cases present in routine clinical practice with excess space, deficient ridge anatomy and malpositioned implant placement, one of the major challenges in any form of aesthetic dentistry is the efficient use of available the space, enhancing function and conservation of components that are already available. Taking into consideration these factors we need to optimise treatment modalities, enhance clinical knowledge, balancing the available resources and time so that a scientifically driven yet uncompromised treatment is embarked upon the patient leading to a long term dental and a systemic treatment; uplifting the patients dental health having a positive impact on the patients psychologic and general health.

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Dental care–related fear and anxiety (DFA) is prevalent, affects oral health care utilization, and is related to poor oral health and decreased quality of life. In addition to learned and cultural factors, genetics is hypothesized to contribute to DFA. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study to identify genetic variants contributing to DFA. Adult and adolescent participants were from 4 cohorts (3 from the US-based Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia, n = 1,144, 1,164, and 535, and the UK-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children [ALSPAC], n = 2,078). Two self-report instruments were used to assess DFA: the Dental Fear Survey (US cohorts) and Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (ALSPAC). Genome-wide scans were performed for the DFA total scores and subscale scores (avoidance, physiological arousal, fear of dental treatment–specific stimuli), adjusting for age, sex, educational attainment, recruitment site, and genetic ancestry. Results across cohorts were combined using meta-analysis. Heritability estimates for DFA total and subscale scores were similar across cohorts and ranged from 23% to 59%. The meta-analysis revealed 3 significant ( P < 5E-8) associations between genetic loci and 2 DFA subscales: physiological arousal and avoidance. Nearby genes included NTSR1 ( P = 3.05E-8), DMRTA1 ( P = 4.40E-8), and FAM84A ( P = 7.72E-9). Of these, NTSR1, which was associated with the avoidance subscale, mediates neurotensin function, and its deficiency may lead to altered fear memory in mice. Gene enrichment analyses indicated that loci associated with the DFA total score and physiological arousal subscale score were enriched for genes associated with severe and persistent mental health (e.g., schizophrenia) and neurocognitive (e.g., autism) disorders. Heritability analysis indicated that DFA is partly explained by genetic factors, and our association results suggested shared genetic underpinnings with other psychological conditions.

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Introdução: Os implantes curtos têm ganhado espaço na implantodontia moderna devido se tratar de uma técnica que apresenta baixa morbidade, sem necessidade de cirurgias de enxertos prévias e menor custo para o paciente, quando comparada a outras técnicas. Objetivo: Dessa forma, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura atual sobre as vantagens e indicações desta técnica comparando-a as técnicas convencionais. Materiais e métodos: A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada usando MEDLINE via PubMed, utilizando termos e outros termos livres dos Cabeçalhos de Assunto Médicos (MeSH) para pesquisar. Abrangendo artigos publicados em inglês, dos ultimos 18 anos. Resultados: Foram selecionados 56 referências, das quais 26 foram consideradas inadequadas. Resultando no total de 30 artigos considerados adequados aos critérios de seleção. Os artigos selecionados apresentaram em alguns pontos divergência que ainda necessitam de respostas baseadas em evidencias. Conclusão: Conclui-se com esta revisão que os implantes curtos são uma boa alternativa quando não se tem altura óssea suficiente para instalação de implantes convencionais, e que apresenta vantagens e indicações restritas no universo da implantodontia com resultados similares quando comparados aos implantes de tamanhos convencionais. Porém, apresentam resultados a curto prazo o que sugere a realização de estudos com longo tempo de acompanhamento que busquem responder sobre a qualidade da técnica nos diversos desafios encontrados na implantodontia.Descritores: Implantes Dentários; Reabsorção Óssea; Reabilitação Bucal.ReferênciasBuser D, Janner SF, Wittneben JG, Bragger U, Ramseier CA, Salvi GE. 10-year survival and success rates of 511 titanium implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched surface: a retrospective study in 303 partially edentulous patients. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012;14(6):839-51.Zitzmann NU, Scharer P, Marinello CP. Factors influencing the success of GBR. 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Effect of Heavy Smoking on Dental Implants Placed in Male Patients Posterior Mandibles: A Prospective Clinical Study. J Oral Implantol. 2016;42(6):477-83.Al Amri MD, Abduljabbar TS, Al-Johany SS, Al Rifaiy MQ, Alfarraj Aldosari AM, Al-Kheraif AA. Comparison of clinical and radiographic parameters around short (6 to 8 mm in length) and long (11 mm in length) dental implants placed in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: 3-year follow-up results. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017;28(10):1182-87.Nkenke E, Stelzle F. Clinical outcomes of sinus floor augmentation for implant placement using autogenous bone or bone substitutes: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009;20(Suppl 4):124-33.Silva LD, de Lima VN, Faverani LP, de Mendonça MR, Okamoto R, Pellizzer EP. Maxillary sinus lift surgery-with or without graft material? A systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;45(12):1570-76.Barone A, Santini S, Sbordone L, Crespi R, Covani U. A clinical study of the outcomes and complications associated with maxillary sinus augmentation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2006;21(1):81-5.Atieh MA, Zadeh H, Stanford CM, Cooper LF. Survival of short dental implants for treatment of posterior partial edentulism: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2012;27(6):1323-31.Tan WC, Lang NP, Zwahlen M, Pjetursson BE. A systematic review of the success of sinus floor elevation and survival of implants inserted in combination with sinus floor elevation. Part II: transalveolar technique. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35(8 Suppl):241-54.French D, Larjava H, Ofec R. Retrospective cohort study of 4591 Straumann implants in private practice setting, with up to 10-year follow-up. Part 1: multivariate survival analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015;26(11):1345-54.Perelli M, Abundo R, Corrente G, Saccone C. Short (5 and 7 mm long) porous implants in the posterior atrophic maxilla: a 5-year report of a prospective single-cohort study. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2012;5(3):265-72.Morrison A, Chiarot M, Kirby S. Mental nerve function after inferior alveolar nerve transposition for placement of dental implants. J Can Dent Assoc. 2002;68(1):46-50.Chiapasco M, Zaniboni M, Rimondini L. Autogenous onlay bone grafts vs. alveolar distraction osteogenesis for the correction of vertically deficient edentulous ridges: a 2-4-year prospective study on humans. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2007;18(4):432-40.Berglundh T, Persson L, Klinge B. A systematic review of the incidence of biological and technical complications in implant dentistry reported in prospective longitudinal studies of at least 5 years. J Clin Periodontol. 2002;29(Suppl 3):197-212.Chrcanovic BR, Custodio AL. Inferior alveolar nerve lateral transposition. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;13(4):213-19.Abayev B, Juodzbalys G. Inferior Alveolar Nerve Lateralization and Transposition for Dental Implant Placement. Part II: a Systematic Review of Neurosensory Complications. J Oral Maxillofac Res.2015;6(1):e3.Jain N, Gulati M, Garg M, Pathak C. Short Implants: New Horizon in Implant Dentistry. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(9):ZE14-7.